Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): Spectrum of Engineering Sciences

Articles

• DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A SMART HYBRID SOLAR-WIND POWER SYSTEM WITH MPPT ALGORITHMS FOR IMPROVED ENERGY EFFICIENCY

  Aftab Ahmed Soomro, Romaisa Shamshad Khan, Muhammad Danish, Basit Ahmad, Abdul Aziz, Asmatullah, Engr. Kashif Abbas, Muhammad Subhan Khan

  1-18

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• AN EXPLORATION OF THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON CYBERSECURITY: THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES

  Hina Mehboob, Rana Arbab Haider, Ghias Akram Chairman, Saira Rehman

  19-35

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• EARLY HEART ATTACK PREDICTION BY USING MACHINE LEARNING

  Sarang Ali, Abuzar Shahid, Gohar Mumtaz

  36-48

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• INTEGRATING CIRCULAR ECONOMY PRINCIPLES IN URBAN PLANNING: SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT, RESOURCE EFFICIENCY, AND REGENERATIVE CITY MODELS

  Muhammad Sajawal, Nabi Ahmad, Noman Akbar, Dr. Muhammad Ziad

  49-66

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• FORENSIC CHALLENGES AND TECHNIQUES IN CLOUD COMPUTING ENVIRONMENTS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

  Dr. Muhammad Tanveer, Nabeel Ali Khan, Majid Ali, Rutab Islam, Mujeeb Sattar, Muhammad Shoaib

  67-92

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• AN INTEGRATED MODEL OF MACHINE LEARNING AND FUZZY LOGIC FOR QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF DRINKING WATER

  Muhammad Imran, Sajid Ali, Suhaib Ahmed, Dr. Abdur Rashid Khan

  93-131

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• COST FUNCTION BASED FORWARD NODE SELECTION TOWARDS ENERGY OPTIMIZATION FOR INTERNET OF MEDICAL THINGS

  Rahat Ali Khan, Shahzad Memon

  132-137

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• SMART BATTERY MANAGEMENT SOLUTION FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES: ENHANCING PERFORMANCE WITH ADVANCED ALGORITHMS AND REAL-TIME MONITORING

  Engr. Kashif Abbas, Sadaf Ashraf, Bareeha Muqadas, Rameez Akbar Talani, Muhammad Anwar Ul Haq, Mudassar Rafique, Muhammad Saad Ali, Abdul Qadeer, Basit Ahmad

  138-153

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• EFFECT OF ACCIDENTAL MATERIALS ON THE PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE

  Muhammad Afzal, Muazzam Nawaz, Muhammad Tahir, Muhammad Fayyaz Ahmed, Prof Zia Udin Mian

  154-190

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• LUNG CANCER CLASSIFICATION BY USING TRANSFER LEARNING

  Muhammad Hashim Maqbool, Abuzar Shahid, Gohar Mumtaz

  191-200

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• PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION OF AUTOENCODER FOR IMAGE CLASSIFICATION USING GENETIC ALGORITHM

  Ghulam Gilanie, Humaira Shafiq , Syeda Naila Batool, Syed Naseem Abbas, Hina Shafique, Sana Cheema, Akkasha Latif, Anum Saher , Muhammad Ahsan

  201-213

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• HYDROGEN FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY: A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE FOR MECHANICAL POWER SYSTEMS

  Nasir Rafique, Fahad Khan Khalil, Imran Ullah Imran Ullah, Muhammmad Tahir Abbas, Muhammad Safdar, Usman Aziz

  214-224

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• HUMAN-AI COLLABORATION IN ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT: LEVERAGING MACHINE INTELLIGENCE FOR DECISION-MAKING, WORKFLOW AUTOMATION, AND INNOVATION

  Muhammad Mashal Khattak, Behram Ayub Khan, Waqar Aslam, Ali Raza

  225-242

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• REINFORCEMENT OF WOODEN SUPPORTS FOR UNDERGROUND COAL MINES THROUGH FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

  Muhammad Asad, Rana Sheharyar Abid, Muhammad Bilal Jamil, Raza Ali Nawaz, Abdul Rehman, Daniyal Abbassi, Ahmad Khobaib Dilsoze, Muhammad Jafar, Dr. Muhammad Zaka Emad

  243-266

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• ENHANCING EARLY DIABETES DETECTION A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MACHINE LEARNING AND DEEP LEARNING TECHNIQUES

  Tahira Qadeer, Najma Imtiaz Ali, Imtiaz Ali Brohi, Aadil Jamali

  267-283

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• DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEXT-GENERATION CNC ROBOTIC MACHINE INTEGRATED WITH LASER TECHNOLOGY FOR SMART MANUFACTURING

  Aftab Ahmed Soomro, Asmatullah, Muhammad Danyal Khan, Muhammad Ziad, Basit Ahmad, Khubaib Jamil, Muhammad Nouman

  284-303

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• ENGINEERING SMART GOVERNANCE SYSTEMS AND E-GOVERNMENT SERVICES FOR URBAN SUSTAINABILITY: A SYSTEMS-BASED APPROACH TO SDG-ALIGNED URBAN EFFICIENCY

  Saba Bukhari, Shah Muhammad Kamran, Muhammad Asif, Muhammad Moinuddin Qazi Abro, Khalid Zaman

  304-322

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• IMPACT ON COMPUTATIONAL DIESEL SPRAY MODELS BY EVAPORATING AND NON-EVAPORATING CONDITIONS

  Aftab Ahmed Soomro, Asmatullah, Safiullah, Basit Ahmad, Muhammad Nouman

  323-339

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• A GAME BASED APPROACH FOR LEARNING SINDHI ALPHABETS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

  Saifullah Lail, Suhni Abbasi, Saima Shaikh, Kavita Tabbassum, Mukhtiar Memon, Muhammad Asad Ali

  340-347

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• AN ENHANCED MACHINE LEARNING AND BLOCKCHAIN-BASED FRAMEWORK FOR SECURE AND DECENTRALIZED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS IN 6G NETWORKS USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS (ANNS)

  Nasir Ayub, Salheen Bakhet, Muhammad Junaid Arshad, Muhammad Usman Saleem, Dr. Rimsha Anam, Muhammad Zubair Fuzail

  348-364

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• IDENTIFICATION OF SUBSURFACE SULFIDE ORE DEPOSITS USING GROUND MAGNETIC EXPLORATION TECHNIQUE: A CASE STUDY FROM DROSH-KALDAM GOL, CHITRAL, NORTHERN PAKISTAN

  Azeem Khan, Khaista Rehman, Asghar Ali

  365-391

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• POTENTIAL OF HYDROGEN AS AN ENERGY SOURCE FOR INDUSTRY IN DEVELOPING / THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES ESPECIALLY SOUTH ASIA AND GULF COUNTRIES INCLUDING PAKISTAN

  Muazzam Nawaz, Abdul Munam

  392-400

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• UNDERPINNING, TYPES; METHODS; TECHNIQUES AND MITIGATION; A CASE STUDY OF A (G+3) RESIDENTIAL BUILDING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

  Muazzam Nawaz, Abdul Munam

  401-408

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• OPTIMIZING CLOUD COMPUTING PERFORMANCE USING EDGE AI: A HYBRID APPROACH

  Fahad Khan Khalil, Nafees Ahmad, Raza Iqbal, Dr. Khwaja Tahir Mehmood

  409-416

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• APPROACHES TO PREDICT CARDIOVASCULAR ISSUE USING MACHINE LEARNING METHOD

  Waddiat U Zahra, Fahim Uz Zaman, Gohar Mumtaz, Muqaddas Salahuddin, Muhammad Zohaib Khan, Syed Akmal Sultan, Sammia Hira, Fakhra Parveen

  417-429

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• SIMULATION-BASED CONDUCTOR OPTIMIZATION FOR POWER DISTRIBUTION FEEDERS, A COMPARATIVE STUDY USING ETAP

  Abdul Aziz, Zaheer Farooq, Hassan Zahid, Javed Khan Marwat, Aftab Zaman Awan, Romaisa Shamshad Khan, Muhammad Hussnain, Ali Mujtaba Durrani, Basit Ahmad

  430-444

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• REVOLUTIONIZING FAULT DETECTION IN HIGH-VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINES THROUGH ANN MODELS

  Muhammad Sulieman, Abdul Aziz, Romaisa Shamshad Khan, Ali Mujtaba Durrani, Muhammad Hussnain, Hassan Zahid, Muhammad Muteeb, Javed Khan Marwat, Basit Ahmad

  445-468

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• REVOLUTIONIZING HOME SECURITY: A BIOMETRIC AND GSM- ENABLED SMART DOOR LOCK SYSTEM

  Muhammad Shahzaib, Bilal Ahmed, Amna Sharif

  469-481

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• ENHANCING SEMI-SUPERVISED LEARNING MODELS FOR IMBALANCED CLASS DISTRIBUTION

  Muhammad Arslan Yousaf, Syed Asad Ali Naqvi, Muhammad Usman Saleem, Ahmed Zeeshan

  482-489

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• AUTOMATED RETINAL BLOOD VESSEL SEGMENTATION VIA U-NET AND VGG-BASED MODELS

  Mohd Yaqoob Wani, Maryam Zaffar, Mirza Mumtaz Zahoor, Shujaat Ali Rathore, Tahir Abbas

  490-498

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• A ROBUST ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH FOR EARLY DETECTION OF CARDIAC DISEASES

  Ghulam Gilanie, Syed Naseem Abbas, Sana Cheema, Akkasha Latif, Muhammad Ahsan, Hina Shafique, Anum Saher, Syeda Naila Batool, Fatima Bibi, Hunaina Arshad Chohan, Iqra Mubeen

  499-511

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• STRUCTURAL, THERMAL AND OPTICAL ANALYSIS OF Fe - DOPED NiO NANOPARTICLES FOR THERMOELECTRIC AND OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS

  Awais Ur Rehman, Ali Imam Haider, Safdar Khan, Muhammad Arshad Jamal, Salah Ud Din, Qamir Iqbal, Shah Wali Ullah, Muhammad Kashif Bashir, Muhammad Kashif Majeed

  512-525

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• EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF SUPER-CAPACITOR PERFORMANCE FOR ADVANCED ENERGY STORAGE APPLICATIONS

  Muhammad Farhan Amjad, Abdul Jabbar, Muhammad Huzaifa, Muhammad Atif Imtiaz, Aiman Azhar, Shah Wali Ullah

  526-536

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• ANALYSIS OF KNOWLEDGE GRAPHS FOR COVID-19 LITERATURE USING NLP

  Habib Ul Rehman, Muhammad Javed Iqbal

  537-552

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• A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF AGILE AND SCRUM FRAMEWORKS ON SOFTWARE PROJECT DELIVERY TIMELINES, TEAM COLLABORATION EFFICIENCY, AND STAKEHOLDER SATISFACTION IN MID-SCALE WEB AND MOBILE APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTS

  Muhammad Nadeem, Asim Rafiq, Waleej Haider, Muhammad Asad Abbasi

  553-569

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• DEPTH BASED FOG ASSISTED DATA COLLECTION SCHEME FOR TIME- CRITICAL IOUT APPLICATIONS

  Bushra Mehmood, Arslan Gill, Ashi Mehmood

  570-581

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• INTELLIGENT MALWARE DETECTION USING NEURAL ARCHITECTURES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CNN, LSTM, FNN AND BI LSTM

  Nabia Shaheen, Sagar Lohana, Muhammad Ramzan

  582-596

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• IOT-BASED SMART BUILDING MANAGEMENT: A DUAL APPROACH TO AUTOMATION AND SAFETY WITH REAL-TIME MONITORING AND ALERTS

  Muhammad Danyal Khan, Haq Nawaz, Muhammad Jawad Khan, Osama Turk, Navaid Ali, Aftab Ahmed Soomro, Basit Ahmad

  597-611

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• INTEGRATING NETWORK INTRUSION DETECTIONWITH MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES FORENHANCED NETWORK SECURITY

  Muqaddas Salahuddin, Fahim Uz Zaman , Gohar Mumtaz, Muhammad Zohaib Khan, Maria Kainat, Sammia Hira, Fakhra Parveen, Rashid Mahmood

  612-625

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• TOMATO LEAF DISEASE DETECTION USING YOLOV9 AND COMPUTER VISION

  Nimra Razzaq, Fatima Abbas, Samia Mehboob, Farwa Raoof, Muhammad Talha Tahir Bajwa, Zartasha Kiran

  626-638

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• SKIN ACNE SKIN DISEASE CLASSIFICATION BY USING FINE TUNED CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK

  Aiman Afzal Odho, Ahmad Bilal, Najeeb Ur Rehman Malik

  639-648

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• CLOUD STORAGE SECURITY AND RELIABILITY: A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING APPROACH AMONG IT PROFESSIONALS IN PAKISTAN’S TECH ECOSYSTEM

  Anjum Ara, Syed Ahmed Raza , Yasir Ali Mar, Javed Ahmed Dahri

  649-656

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• REAL-TIME MONITORING AND OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTRICAL LOAD IN A BUILDING

  Abdul Aziz, Romaisa Shamshad Khan, Rehan Babar, Nusri Elahi, Muhammad Danish, Basit Ahmad, Muhammad Subhan Khan, Memoona Ghaffar

  657-676

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• IMPACT OF REAL-TIME DATA INTEGRATION ON DELAY PREDICTION ACCURACY IN LARGE-SCALE PROJECTS: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF PROJECT COMPLEXITY

  Muhammad Nadeem, Fayyaz Ali, Ayesha Urooj, Nawaid Hasan

  677-690

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• SMART CONTRACT ENGINEERING AND SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES FOR SECURE FINTECH BLOCKCHAIN SYSTEM

  Muhammad Ahsan Naeem, Muhammad Mudasir, Asfand Yar, Abdul Sammad Khan, Muhammad Hassan Kamal

  691-710

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• MERGING ICN (INFORMATION CENTRIC NETWORKS) INTO IOT (INTERNET OF THINGS): A SURVEY

  Muhammad Usman, Adnan Saleem, Ahthasham Sajid, Fatima Shoaib, Nisa Waheed

  711-727

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• GAMIFICATION AND STUDENT PERFORMANCE IN ELEARNING: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

  Jamil Ahmed, Fida Hussain Chandio, Syeda Hira Fatima Naqvi

  728-735

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• DEVELOPMENT AND CLINICAL APPLICATION OF AN IONTOPHORESIS DEVICE FOR HYPERHIDROSIS TREATMENT

  Abdul Subhan, Khalid Rehman, Ali Mujtaba Durrani, Danyal Hayat, Abdul Hameed, Sumbal Ayyaz, Mohsin Shah, Abdul Wahab Ali, Abdul Aziz

  736-764

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• GREEN SYNTHESIS OF METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLES FOR SOLAR CELL EFFICIENCY ENHANCEMENT

  Mukarram Ali, Juvaria Bibi, Qamir Iqbal, Nauman Ayub, Muhammad Ibrahim khan, Muhammad Rehan, Ali Imam Haider, Aneesa Zeb

  765-773

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• EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF Ag/TiO2/rGO BASED HYBRID NANOCOMPOSITES AS AN EFFICIENT HER CATALYST VIA ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS

  Shahid Ashraf, Amna Abrar, Muhammad Irshad Khan, Rabia Munir, Muhammad Baqar Hussain Shah, Abdul Qadeer Laghari, Shah Wali Ullah, Awais Ur Rehman

  774-781

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• A ROBUST CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK-BASED APPROACH FOR HUMAN EMOTION CLASSIFICATION: CROSS-DATASET VALIDATION AND GENERALIZATION

  Ghulam Gilanie, Syed Naseem Abbas, Sana Cheema, Akkasha Latif, Muhammad Ahsan, Hina Shafique, Anum Saher, Syeda Naila Batool, Fatima Bibi, Hunaina Arshad Chohan, Iqra Mubeen

  782-798

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• RE-THINKING EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING IN THE DIGITAL AGE: MAKING LEARNING MORE ADAPTIVE AND INTERACTIVE BY VIRTUALLY EXPERIENCING THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

  Madiha Zaman, Fatima Javeed, Qurat-Ul-Ain Asghar

  799-811

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• A REVIEW ON HYBRID CLOUD-FOG-EDGE ARCHITECTURES FOR EFFICIENT AND SCALABLE SMART HOME IOT SYSTEMS

  Azeem Akram, Qurrratulain Azeem, Shahbaz Ali, Sidra Tul Muntaha, Hareem Haider, Dr. Jawaid Iqbal, Waqar Younis

  812-817

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• INTELLIGENT INTRUSION DETECTION AND DATA PROTECTION IN INFORMATION SECURITY USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES

  Abdul Karim Sajid Ali, Aamir Raza, Haroon Arif, Ali Abbas Hussain

  818-828

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• Spectral Decomposition and Energy Transfer in Rotating Stratified Flows Using Normal Mode Methods

  Syed Ibrahim, Roohi Laila

  829-839

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• PREDICTING TAX EVASION USING MACHINE LEARNING: A STUDY OF E-COMMERCE TRANSACTIONS

  Abdul Jaleel Mahesar, Ayaz Ali Wighio, Najma Imtiaz, Aadil Jamali, Yasir Nawaz, Uswa Urooj

  840-852

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• DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF AN IOT- ENHANCED SMART VERTICAL FARMING SYSTEM FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN AGRICULTURE

  Faiq Said, Muhammad Azhar, Sajid Khan, Sahibzada Naveed Inayat Ullah, Farhan Ali, Muhammad Ayub Khan

  853-871

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• ECZEMA CLASSIFICATION USING MODIFIED CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK RESNET – 50

  Duaiy E Amina, Ahmad Bilal, Najeeb Ur Rehman Malik

  872-882

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• A HYBRID METAHEURISTIC-SMC FRAMEWORK FOR SMART NANO- GRID CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION

  Javed Khan Marwat, Salman Anjum, Muhammad Taha, Kiran Raheel, Zaheer Farooq, Ali Mujtaba Durrani, Shahzad Ahmed , Romaisa Shamshad Khan, Abdul Aziz

  883-905

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• INNOVATIVE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A SMART SOLAR- POWERED THERMOELECTRIC MEDICAL BOX FOR EMERGENCY AND REMOTE HEALTHCARE

  Aftab Ahmed Soomro, Asmatullah, Komal Tanveer, Abdul Hameed, Sumbal Ayyaz, Adv.Engr.Samee Ullah Joyia, Fakhar Anjam, Ali Mujtaba Durrani, Basit Ahmad

  906-918

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• DESIGNING AN INTELLIGENT IOT-DRIVEN EMBEDDED SYSTEM FOR FAULT DETECTION AND DIAGNOSTICS IN UNDERGROUND CABLE NETWORKS

  Javed Khan Marwat, Rubab Nazeer, Nashitah Alwaz, Muhammad Atif Imtiaz, Muhammad Javed Rind, Salman Anjum, Engr. Muhammad Azhar Abbas, Ali Mujtaba Durrani, Mehmood, Basit Ahmad, Romaisa Shamshad Khan, Abdul Aziz

  919-932

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• OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY CHALLENGES IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY OF SINDH, PAKISTAN: AN ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENT DATA AND SAFETY IMPLEMENTATION

  Mujtaba Hassan, Rabia Soomro, Sohail Ahmed, Atiqa Aslam, Touqeer Ali Rind

  933-941

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• PREDICTION OF MAXIMUM AIR TEMPERATURE FOR DEFINING HEAT WAVE IN VARIOUS STATES OF PAKISTAN USING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHM

  Muhammad Hassam Shakil Siddiqui, Muhammad Daud Abbasi, Syed Zain Mir, Ghalib Nadeem, Muhammad Kashif Majeed, Shahzad Karim Khawer, Ilyas Younus, Muhammad Kashif

  942-960

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• DEVELOPING EDGE COMPUTING SOLUTIONS FOR IOT DEVICES TO REDUCE LATENCY AND ENHANCE REAL-TIME DECISION-MAKING

  Rizwan Ul Haq, Fateh Aman, Muhammad Ahmed Majeed, Sohaib Raza, Amjid Khan, Rahmat Hussain, Muhammad Kashif Majeed

  961-970

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• INTEGRATING AI AND IOT IN SOLAR POWER SYSTEMS FOR IMPROVED MONITORING AND PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE

  Syed Zain Mir, Muhammad Kashif Majeed, Muhammad Hassam Shakil Siddiqui, Shahzad Karim Khawer, Ilyas Younus, Syed Raheem Shah, Junaid Alam, Anas Shahid

  971-982

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